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Laboratory for soil restoration and growing healthy food with Dr. Kobaliia
According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (UN Food and Agriculture Organization), by 2050 the demand for food will increase by 60%, and in developing countries by almost 100%. All this must come true because, according to official data, 33% of the soil is degraded to a degree of moderate to severe erosion as a result of depletion of food resources, salinization, lack of moisture and chemical pollution with toxic substances. The rate of degradation of such a valuable natural resource as soil is so great that it calls into question in the future not only the possibility of using global-scale technologies affecting food production, but even the implementation of basic sanitary ecology. It is estimated that more than 3 billion productive land resources have already been lost as a result of irrational use, more than the entire modern arable area. The main factors of soil degradation, undoubtedly, are the constantly increasing amount of toxic compounds and irrational technologies for using land resources. Of the natural soil-degrading factors, water erosion, which leads to the destruction and removal of soil cover, should be noted first. Undoubtedly, wind erosion causes great damage to the soil, especially in steppe regions and places where dust storms are typical. Under the influence of these factors, in addition to erosion, the remaining soil is depleted, significantly reducing its immune system. Thus, a lack of any of the 15 nutrients required by plants for growth and full harvest can lead to a significant decrease and deterioration in the quality of the products produced. According to the same FAO data, soil, as a constantly in demand, exhaustible and non-renewable resource, in the case of deep erosion, requires a long time for complete restoration, and in some unfavorable soil-climatic zones, almost a period corresponding to the life of one generation. Despite the very high authority of any FAO information, it should be noted that the restoration of eroded soil can be solved in a much shorter time through artificial enrichment with elemental organic matter and the introduction of selectively selected soil microbial consortia (bacteria, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes), based on the existing climatic conditions.>
The degree of soil degradation may vary. The usual classification includes the following four gradations: weak (mild), moderate, high and very high. According to the UN, very high degrees, at which soil cover is virtually completely destroyed, are not common. But even 1% of very severely degraded arable land on a global scale amounts to 16 million hectares. Almost 2/3 of arable land is subject to high and moderate degradation.
In the foreign edition Kvesitadze G., Potemkin A.; edited by Sadunishvili T. (2023) Homo Sapiens and the Technogenic Environment (https://www.facdebook.com/Alexander-Potemkin-Freie-Literarische-B%C3%BChne-100922358747074/) presents the biological concept as a permanent environmental biotechnology , designed to restore eroded soil, monitor and improve the ecological balance by degrading toxic compounds, through intensifying soil metabolic processes, using the detoxification potential of rhizosphere microorganisms and the root system of plants. Many examples are given that prove the effectiveness of their individual and joint use in cleaning soil from contaminants of various structures. In fact, the proposed concept represents the intensification of a natural biological process based on the synergistic abilities of microorganisms and plants to jointly carry out the degradation of toxic natural and anthropogenic compounds in natural conditions.
Soil is an extremely thin layer of the planet, ranging from 20 to 150 cm in different parts, surrounding the entire earth’s land and bearing a colossal, incomparable responsibility for the harvest, ecological balance and, in general, the well-being of all humanity. In different parts of the planet, the functional activity of the soil varies significantly. From a technological point of view, assessing the biological functions of earth layers located even deeper (2 meters or more), it should be noted that at these depths a certain transformation activity (activity) of the subsoil layer is observed, mainly due to the action of microorganisms. Technologically assessing the ecological function of this layer, equal to 4-6 to 10 meters, it should be noted that it is here that the boundary passes that divides almost the entire universe into a viable, metabolically active upper part of the soil, and a much more inert, from the point of view of biological transformations, part planets.
As you know, soil is mainly humus plus minerals in different proportions. However, in connection with the deteriorating environmental situation, it is necessary to emphasize the increased, extremely important function of the soil and the subsoil part of the earth’s crust, which detoxifies a large number of a wide variety of toxic compounds. If you have a good understanding of the functional activity of the soil, it should be noted that both on the internal and external sides of the soil there is a permanent enrichment with a large number of uncharacteristic, toxic, including man-made components.
In order to have at least an approximate idea of what environmental problems actually have to be solved, let us give the following example. According to existing data, with an annual amount of processed minerals equal to 100 billion tons, almost 10 thousand types of anthropogenic chemical compounds enter the environment, among them: 60 million tons of synthetic components; 700-800 million tons of mineral fertilizers; 5 million tons of pesticides; 50 million tons of iron; 500 billion m3 of processed liquid mass. In addition, up to 10 billion tons of solid residues remain during the production process, that is, 10% of the original amount of fossils. This is what the average data for processing natural resources looks like.
The planet must turn into a unified system of analysis and planning of all existing agricultural and environmental potential. And the implementation of environmental technologies, without disturbing the ecological balance of nature, will become an important factor in the development of large desert tracts and the improvement of low-yield lands.
It is absolutely fair to note that healthy and normally functioning soil is an important component of the “immune” system of all nature and at the same time plays a colossal ecological role. According to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization for 2019, soil annually produces more than 760 million tons of wheat, 510 million tons of rice, 1,100 million tons of corn, 350 million tons of potatoes, 175 million tons of sugar, 335 million tons meat, 852 million tons of milk and many other agricultural products.
Based on data from the UN SDG databases and other open sources, the size of degraded lands on the planet is 3 billion hectares or 23.83% of the total land area of the countries represented. To restore these soils naturally, it takes several decades and their release from the impact of anthropogenic human activity. A faster pace of rehabilitation of these soils will require significant financial, labor, material and energy resources, and effective innovative technologies. Otherwise, these soils will replenish the stock of barren lands, increasing them in the overall land balance from 17.2% to 41.03%. In any case, with uncontrolled growth of the world's population, human anthropogenic action will increase, which will lead to additional development of previously unaffected territories and further complete soil degradation. As a result, the destruction of humanity is inevitable. The constant reduction and lack of fertile soils for such a large population of the planet (8-10 billion people) will inevitably lead to the death of humanity.
The degree of soil degradation may vary. The usual classification includes the following four gradations: weak (mild), moderate, high and very high. According to the UN, very high degrees, at which soil cover is virtually completely destroyed, are not common. But even 1% of very severely degraded arable land on a global scale amounts to 16 million hectares. Almost 2/3 of arable land is subject to high and moderate degradation.
In the foreign edition Kvesitadze G., Potemkin A.; edited by Sadunishvili T. (2023) Homo Sapiens and the Technogenic Environment (https://www.facdebook.com/Alexander-Potemkin-Freie-Literarische-B%C3%BChne-100922358747074/) presents the biological concept as a permanent environmental biotechnology , designed to restore eroded soil, monitor and improve the ecological balance by degrading toxic compounds, through intensifying soil metabolic processes, using the detoxification potential of rhizosphere microorganisms and the root system of plants. Many examples are given that prove the effectiveness of their individual and joint use in cleaning soil from contaminants of various structures. In fact, the proposed concept represents the intensification of a natural biological process based on the synergistic abilities of microorganisms and plants to jointly carry out the degradation of toxic natural and anthropogenic compounds in natural conditions.
Soil is an extremely thin layer of the planet, ranging from 20 to 150 cm in different parts, surrounding the entire earth’s land and bearing a colossal, incomparable responsibility for the harvest, ecological balance and, in general, the well-being of all humanity. In different parts of the planet, the functional activity of the soil varies significantly. From a technological point of view, assessing the biological functions of earth layers located even deeper (2 meters or more), it should be noted that at these depths a certain transformation activity (activity) of the subsoil layer is observed, mainly due to the action of microorganisms. Technologically assessing the ecological function of this layer, equal to 4-6 to 10 meters, it should be noted that it is here that the boundary passes that divides almost the entire universe into a viable, metabolically active upper part of the soil, and a much more inert, from the point of view of biological transformations, part planets.
As you know, soil is mainly humus plus minerals in different proportions. However, in connection with the deteriorating environmental situation, it is necessary to emphasize the increased, extremely important function of the soil and the subsoil part of the earth’s crust, which detoxifies a large number of a wide variety of toxic compounds. If you have a good understanding of the functional activity of the soil, it should be noted that both on the internal and external sides of the soil there is a permanent enrichment with a large number of uncharacteristic, toxic, including man-made components.
In order to have at least an approximate idea of what environmental problems actually have to be solved, let us give the following example. According to existing data, with an annual amount of processed minerals equal to 100 billion tons, almost 10 thousand types of anthropogenic chemical compounds enter the environment, among them: 60 million tons of synthetic components; 700-800 million tons of mineral fertilizers; 5 million tons of pesticides; 50 million tons of iron; 500 billion m3 of processed liquid mass. In addition, up to 10 billion tons of solid residues remain during the production process, that is, 10% of the original amount of fossils. This is what the average data for processing natural resources looks like.
The planet must turn into a unified system of analysis and planning of all existing agricultural and environmental potential. And the implementation of environmental technologies, without disturbing the ecological balance of nature, will become an important factor in the development of large desert tracts and the improvement of low-yield lands.
It is absolutely fair to note that healthy and normally functioning soil is an important component of the “immune” system of all nature and at the same time plays a colossal ecological role. According to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization for 2019, soil annually produces more than 760 million tons of wheat, 510 million tons of rice, 1,100 million tons of corn, 350 million tons of potatoes, 175 million tons of sugar, 335 million tons meat, 852 million tons of milk and many other agricultural products.
Based on data from the UN SDG databases and other open sources, the size of degraded lands on the planet is 3 billion hectares or 23.83% of the total land area of the countries represented. To restore these soils naturally, it takes several decades and their release from the impact of anthropogenic human activity. A faster pace of rehabilitation of these soils will require significant financial, labor, material and energy resources, and effective innovative technologies. Otherwise, these soils will replenish the stock of barren lands, increasing them in the overall land balance from 17.2% to 41.03%. In any case, with uncontrolled growth of the world's population, human anthropogenic action will increase, which will lead to additional development of previously unaffected territories and further complete soil degradation. As a result, the destruction of humanity is inevitable. The constant reduction and lack of fertile soils for such a large population of the planet (8-10 billion people) will inevitably lead to the death of humanity.
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